Encyclopedia of Nursing Research by 
New Developments in Nursing Education Research by 
Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing Research by
edited by Carol Boswell, EdD, RN, CNE, ANEF, FAAN, Professor, Texas Tech University, Odessa, Texas, Sharon Cannon, EdD, RN, ANEF, Regional Dean and Professor, Texas Tech Univesity, Odessa, Texas (ISBN 9781284079654 1284079651)
Evidence appraisal, involves taking the acquired information, and critiquing it by systematically reviewing its relevance, validity and its application to your specific clinical question. In other words, the investigator must ask three essential questions:
Adapted from Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2005). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Received Date: Dec 21, 2015 / Accepted Date: Dec 28, 2015 / Published Date: Jan 04, 2016
Copyright: © 2016 Roever L. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
| Title | Is the title clear, accurate and concise, avoiding unnecessary words and without abbreviations? |
| Abstract | Does the abstract contain what was done, how it was done, the results and their implications? |
| Definition of The Study Theme | Has the problem been properly defined? Is problem linked to the article already published on the subject? Is the research goal described and correctly defined? |
| Research Design | Is the study controlled? What is the hypothesis? Is the hypothesis clearly defined? What is the kind of study? Is the type of study appropriate to achieve the objective of the investigation? Are there inherent limitations in the employed method that may have affected the results? Is the method correctly applied? Were the ethical aspects properly conducted? |
| Sample | Is the target group appropriate to achieve the objective? How was done the sample selection? Was the sample selected at random? Was it somehow flawed? In the case of experimental study or clinical trial, was there randomization? Was the sample size discussed? Was the sample size enough for the purposes of this study? |
| Gauging of Information | Are the used indicators and procedures the most appropriates? Have the variables been properly set? Is the effect evaluation objective and proper in relation to the study goals? Is the response variable properly used to measure the effect? Are there preparation (pre-test) and data collection instruments (questionnaires, appliances)? Was there training of collectors and examiners? What is the reliability of the information? May the observation process have affected the outcome? In the case of experimental study, was there adherence to treatment and did the study use double-blind technique? |
| Statistical Analysis | Do the authors correctly showed the sample calculation? Were the employed statistical techniques adequate to the problem? Were they used in the right way? Were the confidence intervals calculated and the accuracy of the results informed? |
| Internal Consistency of Results | Were figures and tables added up correctly? Are the totals in a table the same as the totals in another table? If they are different, are there explanations for the differences? |
| Interpretation of Results |
Is there coherence between the methods of the original protocol and end methods actually used? |
| Conclusions | Are the conclusions justified when compared to the presented results? Are there conclusions not based on study data? Have the authors commented about the study limitations? Have the authors identified possible defects, estimated their magnitude and pointed out their likely implications? Are the findings relevant to the problem and to the study objectives? |
| Style | Is the style clear and direct, without unnecessary repetition? Are the use of technical terms and the language in general correct? |
| Bibliographic References | |
| Conflicts of Interest |
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Roever L, Resende ES, Diniz ALD, Penha-Silva N, Biondi-Zoccai G, et al. (2015) Critical Analysis of Clinical Research Articles: A Guide for Evaluation. Evidence Based Medicine and Practice 2: e116. Doi: 10.4172/2471-9919.1000e116 Copyright: © 2016 Roever L. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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